Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices for Emulsion Formation by Microstereolithography
Open Access
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics—the art and science of forming droplets—has been revolutionary for high-throughput screening, directed evolution, single-cell sequencing, and material design. However, traditional fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices suffer from several disadvantages, including multistep processing, expensive facilities, and limited three-dimensional (3D) design flexibility. High-resolution additive manufacturing—and in particular, projection micro-stereolithography (PµSL)—provides a promising path for overcoming these drawbacks. Similar to polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidics 20 years ago, 3D printing methods, such as PµSL, have provided a path toward a new era of microfluidic device design. PµSL greatly simplifies the device fabrication process, especially the access to truly 3D geometries, is cost-effective, and it enables multimaterial processing. In this review, we discuss both the basics and recent innovations in PµSL; the material basis with emphasis on custom-made photopolymer formulations; multimaterial 3D printing; and, 3D-printed microfluidic devices for emulsion formation as our focus application. Our goal is to support researchers in setting up their own PµSL system to fabricate tailor-made microfluidics.Keywords
Funding Information
- H2020 European Research Council (852065)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Research Training Group 1865 “Hydrogel-based microsystems”)
- Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt (031A360C)
This publication has 188 references indexed in Scilit:
- Kinetic modeling of bulk free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylatePolymer Journal, 2013
- Surface modification for PDMS‐based microfluidic devicesElectrophoresis, 2011
- Multi-material stereolithographyJournal of Materials Processing Technology, 2011
- Fabrication of 3D biocompatible/biodegradable micro-scaffolds using dynamic mask projection microstereolithographyJournal of Materials Processing Technology, 2009
- Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippersProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009
- Hot roller embossing for microfluidics: process and challengesMicrosystem Technologies, 2008
- Novel microreactors for functional polymer beadsChemical Engineering Journal, 2004
- Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of epoxy alcohol monomersJournal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2000
- Emulsion Liquid Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: Equilibrium Models for Some Typical Metal-Extractant SystemsEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1994
- Complex triarylsulfonium salt photoinitiators. I. The identification, characterization, and syntheses of a new class of triarylsulfonium salt photoinitiatorsJournal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition, 1980