Colombianos en retorno desde Venezuela: el rol de las redes sociales y de las movilidades transfronterizas en sus emprendimientos
Open Access
- 15 January 2024
- journal article
- Published by El Colegio de la Frontera Norte A.C. in Migraciones internacionales
- Vol. 15
Abstract
This paper studies the entrepreneurship and reintegration of Colombians who migrated to Venezuela around 2000 and were deported to Colombia in 2015 by the Venezuelan government. Research is done to examine the extent to which their cross-border spatial mobilities and social networks contribute to the advancements of their microenterprises and how the geopolitical context influences their socioeconomic reintegration. The methodology includes multi-sited ethnographic observation, biographical interviews, mental maps, and the participatory Minga workshops carried out with 18 individuals. It is concluded that, despite their remarkable resilience, these individuals and their business ventures face constant precariousness due to the lack of state support, prevalent geopolitical conflicts, weak local economy, and the trauma of deportation. At the same time, seeking to improve their socioeconomic reintegration, returning migrants implement cross-border mobility strategies to take advantage of the opportunities offered by different localities in Colombia and Venezuela. Se estudia el emprendimiento y la reintegración de personas colombianas que migraron a Venezuela hacia el año 2000 y fueron deportadas a Colombia en 2015 por el gobierno venezolano. Se investiga hasta qué punto sus movilidades espaciales transfronterizas y sus redes sociales contribuyen al avance de sus microemprendimientos, y cómo el contexto geopolítico influye en su reintegración socioeconómica. La metodología comprende la observación etnográfica multisituada, las entrevistas biográficas, los mapas mentales y los talleres participativos Minga realizados con 18 individuos. Se concluye que, pese a su notable resiliencia, las personas en retorno y sus emprendimientos se enfrentan a una precariedad constante debido a la falta de apoyo estatal, los conflictos geopolíticos prevalentes, la débil economía local y el trauma de la deportación. Así mismo, buscando mejorar su reintegración socioeconómica, los migrantes que retornan efectúan estrategias de movilidad transfronteriza para aprovechar las oportunidades ofrecidas por diferentes lugares en Colombia y Venezuela.Keywords
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