Relationship Between Energy Efficiency and Color Consistency in LED Lighting

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Abstract
This study presents the first comprehensive investigation establishing the relationship between color consistency and luminous efficacy of radiation (LER) in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs), introducing novel selection criteria for energy-efficient applications. A systematic analysis of LED sources with nominal correlated color temperature (CCT) values of 3000 K and 4000 K across color-rendering index (CRI Ra) thresholds (≥60 and ≥80) was conducted, evaluating spectral power distributions (SPD) and chromaticities relative to 3-step, 5-step color-consistency circles, and 7-step American National Standards Institute (ANSI) quadrangles. Novel findings reveal a previously uncharacterized strong positive correlation between color consistency and luminous efficacy across all analyzed LED sources. LEDs with chromaticities within 3-step color-consistency circles consistently demonstrated superior LER values compared to 5-step boundaries, while sources outside established circles showed significantly inferior energy performance despite meeting nominal CCT requirements. The research establishes that tighter color-consistency tolerances directly correlate with enhanced luminous efficacy, revealing an intrinsic relationship between color quality and energy performance. These breakthrough findings introduce a paradigm shift in LED selection methodology, providing lighting professionals with evidence-based criteria that simultaneously optimize color consistency and energy efficiency, enabling more sustainable lighting solutions through integrated quality–performance assessment.
Funding Information
  • Bialystok University of Technology (WI/WE-IA/3/2025)

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