Achalasia-Like Disorder After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding: a Reversible Side Effect?

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Abstract
Literature data concerning the effect of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) on esophageal motility are conflicting. Achalasia-like disorder involving the absence of esophageal peristalsis and impaired esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) is probably under-estimated and can result in failure and band removal. The aim of our study was to focus on cases of achalasia-like disorder and study its evolution after band deflating or removal. LAGB patients with food intolerance and whose esophageal manometry confirmed dysmotility were selected from our database. Achalasia-like disorder was defined as the absence of esophageal peristalsis (< 20 % contraction waves) with impairment of EGJ relaxation. Manometric control was performed after removal or band deflating; functional results were assessed. Eleven patients among 20 (55 %) with esophageal motility disorders (EMD) fitted the manometric criteria of achalasia-like disorder with a mean EGJ resting pressure of 32.1 cmH2O and a EGJ relaxation pressure of 24.2. Nine patients out of 11 underwent band removal which resulted in the resolution of their symptoms. The other two underwent band deflation. Manometric control after band removal showed both a decrease in resting and relaxation EGJ pressures (mean of 9.5 and 6.5 cmH2O) and a recovery of wave contractions in 87.5 % of cases. Four patients underwent revision surgery due to weight regain with a successful outcome. Achalasia-like disorder is a manometric diagnosis and accounts for a significant part of symptomatic EMD after LAGB. It often results in band removal, allowing some reversibility of the disorders.

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