Effects of Vertical Irregularity on Transverse Reinforcement Spacing in Reinforced Concrete Columns to Avoid Shear Failure Subjected to Seismic Behavior

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Abstract
As a result of the 2017 Pohang earthquake, numerous piloti-type structures incurred damage, and the cause was attributed to the wide spacing of transverse reinforcement. Improper spacing of transverse reinforcement can lead to brittle failure of columns, potentially causing the collapse of buildings. This study aimed to analyze the failure mode of columns where load and displacement are concentrated due to vertical irregularity, and to quantify the spacing of shear reinforcement according to the degree of vertical irregularity to prevent shear failure of the column. First, a vertically irregular frame with vertical irregularity and an RC moment frame with the same upper and lower structural systems was modeled, and the failure mode of the column was analyzed. In this paper, the failure modes were classified into shear failure, flexure–shear failure, and flexural failure based on the shear capacity ratio. The analysis results showed that in the case of vertical irregularity, the shear demand of the column was evaluated as high due to the high flexural stiffness of the horizontal members, and the failure mode of the column was classified as shear failure. The impact of the spacing of shear reinforcement on the shear strength of the structure was also examined. Next, an analysis was performed according to the degree of vertical irregularity by adjusting the thickness of the first-floor shear wall, and as a result, the proportion of the entire columns classified as shear failure increased as the vertical irregularity increased. It was confirmed that the minimum spacing of shear reinforcement of 150 mm specified in Korean standards becomes inadequate when the degree of vertical irregularity exceeds 2.6. At a vertical irregularity of 8.3, the spacing required to prevent shear failure decreased to 136 mm, which is 9.33% less than the minimum specified by the Korean standards. This indicates that even if the code’s minimum spacing is adhered to, shear failure can still occur in columns. In order to prevent shear failure of the column, the spacing of the shear reinforcement should be designed smaller, because the shear force increases as the vertical irregularity increases. For piloti-type structures with high horizontal irregularity, there is a need to design shear reinforcement narrower than the minimum standard to prevent shear failure of the column.
Funding Information
  • Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (NRF-2021R1A2C2007064, RS-2023-00220019)

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