Increasing plasma fatty acids elevates F2-isoprostanes in humans: implications for the cardiovascular risk factor cluster

Authors:
  • DZDa Zhang
    Da Zhang
  • JMJason D. Morrow
    Jason D. Morrow
  • TGTheodore L. Goodfriend
    Theodore L. Goodfriend
  • BEBrent M. Egan
    Brent M. Egan
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Abstract
To determine whether raised concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) may contribute to the cardiovascular risk factor cluster by increasing oxidative stress in vivo. Plasma and urine F2-isoprostanes, biomarkers of oxidative stress, were measured after an overnight fast and during a 4 h infusion of Intralipid and heparin to increase NEFAs in 10 obese hypertensive patients with and 12 healthy normotensive individuals without evidence of insulin resistance. A time-control group of nine healthy normotensive individuals received saline and heparin. Plasma F2-isoprostanes increased more in obese hypertensive individuals than in lean normotensive individuals after 2 h (14.9 ± 2.8 ng/ml compared with 4.6 ± 2.8 ng/ml;P < 0.05) but not after 4 h (10.3 ± 2.5 ng/ml compared with 8.1 ± 4.1 ng/ml; NS) of the Intralipid and heparin infusion. When obese and lean individuals were combined, plasma (+9.1 ± 2.5 ng/ml;P < 0.05) and urine (+0.7 ± 0.3 ng/mg creatinine;P < 0.05) F2-isoprostanes increased by about 20% after 4 h of Intralipid and heparin, whereas plasma F2-isoprostanes decreased by approximately 20% (−9.7 ± 4.5 ng/ml;P < 0.05) after 4 h of saline and heparin. When individuals from both infusions were combined, the correlation between changes in plasma NEFAs and F2-isoprostanes after 4 h persisted after controlling for changes in triglyceride concentrations (partial r = 0.49;P < 0.01), whereas the correlation between changes in triglycerides and F2-isoprostanes did not persist after controlling for changes in NEFA concentrations (partial r = 0.33, NS). The findings indicate that an acute increase in plasma lipids increases the concentration of F2-isoprostanes, biomarkers of oxidative stress, especially in obese hypertensive individuals. The observations raise the possibility that increased concentrations of NEFAs contribute to the cardiovascular risk factor cluster through oxidative-stress-sensitive mechanisms.

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