Adopting Emerging Technologies in Digital Government: A Multi-Case Analysis of Drivers, Enablers, and Challenges in Saudi Arabia

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Abstract
The adoption of emerging technologies is reshaping government operations. These technologies enhance efficiency and service delivery. This study explores the key drivers, enablers, and challenges influencing the adoption of these technologies in six government sectors. A qualitative multi-case study methodology was employed, combining interviews with project managers and a thematic analysis of project reports, government publications, and policy documents. The key findings highlight strategic alignment with Saudi Vision 2030 goals, operational efficiency demands, and enhanced accessibility as primary adoption drivers. Regulatory frameworks, leadership commitment, and infrastructure readiness emerged as critical enablers. Conversely, barriers to adoption include technical complexities in legacy system integration, interoperability challenges, financial limitations, and organizational resistance to change. This research contributes to the discourse on digital transformation in the government sector by identifying context-specific success factors and systemic obstacles. It proposes evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, emphasizing the need for adaptive governance models, phased infrastructure modernization, and stakeholder capacity-building initiatives. The contribution aims to inform sustainable technology adoption strategies in alignment with national development agendas.

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