Estimativas dos Riscos de Chuvas Extremas nas Capitais do Nordeste do Brasil (Estimates of the Risks of Extreme Rainfall in Capitals of Northeast Brazil)
Open Access
- 21 February 2016
- journal article
- Published by Revista Brasileira de Geografia Fisica in Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física
- Vol. 9 (2) , 430-439
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os riscos de chuvas extremas nas nove capitais do Nordeste brasileiro no período de 19910 a 2012. Devido chuvas extremas e ao mau uso do solo, os desastres naturais mais comuns nessas capitais são as inundações, os deslizamentos e os desabamentos. Os desabamentos são consequências da ineficiência do sistema de drenagem, da remoção indiscriminada da cobertura vegetal e do aumento da saturação de água no solo, que reduz sua resistência e provoca sua ruptura. Também, os desmoronamentos devem-se ao mau uso do solo, má distribuição de renda, falta de moradia digna e má qualidade da educação pública. As inundações são acumulações de lâminas de água que podem invadir o interior das edificações e causar transtornos para a mobilidade urbana de pedestres e veículos. Esses eventos dependem de medidas estruturais e não estruturais e não prescindem da boa educação dos habitantes urbanos. O ajuste dos eventos extremos de chuvas à função distribuição de probabilidade de Gumbel possibilitou as estimativas dos riscos para uma específica magnitude de chuva. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate the risks of extreme rainfall in the nine capitals of the Brazilian Northeast in the period 19910-2012. Due to extreme rainfall and bad land use, the most common natural disasters in these capitals are floods, mudslides and landslides. Landslides are consequences of the inefficiency of the drainage system, the indiscriminate removal of the vegetation and increasing water saturation in the soil reduces its strength and causes rupture. Also, landslides are due to misuse of land, unequal distribution of wealth, lack of decent housing and poor quality of public education. Floods are accumulations of the water levels that can invade the interior of buildings and cause inconvenience to urban mobility of pedestrians and vehicles. These events depend on structural and non-structural measures and of the good education of urban dwellers. After the fit of extreme rain events the Gumbel probability distribution function can be possible to estimate the risks for a specific magnitude of rain. Keywords: Extreme rains, mudslides, landslides and floodsKeywords
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