Cross-Linking of a Hydrophilic, Antimicrobial Polycation toward a Fast-Swelling, Antimicrobial Superabsorber and Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks with Long Lasting Antimicrobial Properties

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Abstract
A hemocompatible, antimicrobial 3,4en-ionene (PBI) derived by polyaddition of trans-1,4-Dibromo-2-butene and N,N,N´,N´-Tetramethyl-1,3-propandiamine was cross-linked via its bromine end groups using tris(2-aminoethyl)amine to form a fast-swelling, antimicrobial super absorber. This super absorber is taking up the 30-fold of its weight in 60 s and the powder is taking up the 96-fold of its weight forming a hydrogel. It fully prevents growth of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The PBI network was swollen with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and glycoldimethacrylate followed by photopolymerization to form an interpenetrating hydrogel (IPH) with varying PBI content in the range of 2.0 to 7.8 wt.%. The nanophasic structure of the IPH was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The bacterial cells of the nosocomial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are killed on the IPH even at the lowest PBI concentration. The antimicrobial activity was retaining after washing the hydrogels for up to 4 weeks. The IPHs show minor leaching of the PBI far below the MIC using a new quantitative test for PBI detection in solution. This leaching was shown to be not sufficient to form an inhibition zone and killing bacterial cells in the surroundings of the IPH.
Funding Information
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KR 4700/1-1)
  • Ivoclar Vivadent AG

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