An Integrated Approach for Studying Exposure, Metabolism, and Disposition of Multiple Component Herbal Medicines Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Multiple Data Processing Tools
Open Access
- 1 June 2016
- journal article
- Published by Elsevier in Drug Metabolism and Disposition
- Vol. 44 (6) , 800-808
Abstract
A typical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contains up to a few hundreds of prototype components. Studying their absorption, metabolism, distribution and elimination (ADME) represents great challenges. The objective of this study was to develop a practical approach for investigating ADME of individual prototypes in TCM. An active fraction of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction (AF-XXMD) as a model TCM prescription was orally administered to rats. AF-XXMD-related components in plasma, urine, bile and feces were detected using high resolution mass spectrometry and background subtraction, an untargeted data-mining tool, and structurally characterized based on MSn spectral data. Connection of detected AF-XXMD metabolites to their precursor species, either prototypes or upstream metabolites, were determined based on mass spectral similarity and the matching of biotransformation reactions. As a result, 247 AF-XXMD-related components were detected and structurally characterized in rats, 134 of which were metabolites. Among 198 AF-XXMD prototypes dosed, 65 were fully or partially absorbed and 13 prototypes and 34 metabolites were found in the circulation. Glucuronidation, isomerization and deglycosylation followed by biliary and urinary excretions and direct elimination of prototypes via kidney and liver were major clearance pathways of AF-XXMD prototypes. As an example, the ADME profile of H56, the single major AF-XXMD component in rat plasma, was elucidated based on profiles of H56-related components in plasma and excreta. The results demonstrate that the new analytical approach is a useful tool for rapid and comprehensive detection and characterization of TCM components in biological matrix and study of ADME of a TCM prescription in vivo.Keywords
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