Natural Sulforaphane From Broccoli Seeds Against Influenza A Virus Replication in MDCK Cells

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Abstract
We explored the potential application of sulforaphane against influenza A virus and elucidated the underlying cytopathic effect (CPE) and cytotoxicity. In the present study, 2 sulforaphane products were used to investigate the CPEs on influenza A virus replication in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and to conduct a cytotoxicity test. One was the standard sample and the other was extracted from broccoli seeds. The 2 products of sulforaphane were each diluted to different concentrations. The results indicated that sulforaphane possessed antiviral activity against influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus, and the standard sulforaphane sample showed biological activity against influenza virus with low cytotoxicity at concentrations of 6.25 to 12.5 μM. The same phenomenon was observed with a broccoli seed extract concentration of sulforaphane of 6.25 μM. Both samples displayed higher cytotoxicity at 50 μM of sulforaphane, and the extract samples showed stronger cytotoxicity at sulforaphane concentrations of 12.5 to 100 μM compared with the standard, particularly at 100 μM. In conclusion, natural sulforaphane from broccoli seeds showed potential as an agent against influenza A virus infection, and the CPE after treatment with sulforaphane was concentration dependent; a suitable sulforaphane concentration of 6.25 μM is suggested and was demonstrated as effective, with high antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity.

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