Elimination capacity of a TSE‐model agent in the manufacturing process of Alphanate®/Fanhdi®, a human factor VIII/VWF complex concentrate

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Abstract
The variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), mainly present in the UK and is associated with the ingestion of bovine products affected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Manufacturers of biological products must investigate the ability of their production processes to remove TSE agents. We studied the purification steps in the manufacturing process of two FVIII/VWF concentrates (Alphanate) and Fanhdi in their ability to eliminate an experimental TSE-model agent. Hamster scrapie strain 263K brain-derived materials were spiked into samples of the solutions taken before various stages during its production: 3.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, heparin affinity chromatography and saline precipitation/final filtrations. PEG precipitation and affinity chromatography were studied both as isolated and combined steps. TSE agent removal was determined using a laboratory scale model representative of the industrial manufacturing process. The prion protein (PrP(Sc)) was measured with Western blot and TSE infectivity was measured with bioassay. Western blot results were in agreement with those obtained by bioassay, showing a significant removal capacity in the production process: 3.21-3.43 log(10) for the PEG precipitation; about 3.45 log(10) for the affinity chromatography; and around 2.0 log(10) for the saline precipitation plus final filtrations. PEG precipitation and heparin affinity chromatography were demonstrated to be two complementary TSE-model agent removal mechanisms with total removal being the sum of the two. An overall reduction factor of around 8 log(10) can be deduced. The tests from the production process of FVIII/VWF complex concentrates have demonstrated their potential for eliminating TSE agents.

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