Agroecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services, including food and raw materials, while also supporting biodiversity. However, increasing agricultural intensification has reduced the biodiversity value of many agricultural landscapes. Some perennial crops, such as Damask rose ( Rosa damascena Mill.), are of particular interest because of their long-term management and sensitivity to environmental change, and provide a suitable system for assessing the effects of human activities and climate change on biodiversity. Traditionally cultivated in Bulgaria's Valley of Roses, rose plantations have a structure similar to that of shrubland ecosystems, and together with surrounding grasslands, woodlands, and other crops, create heterogeneous landscapes that may support diverse organisms. In this context, birds are widely recognised as key bioindicators of environmental change. Recent studies have shown that farmland bird populations have undergone long-term declines across Europe, including Bulgaria. Despite the ongoing national monitoring initiatives, there are no data on bird community composition and diversity in rose plantations. Addressing this knowledge gap is essential for understanding the ecological role of rose plantations and supporting biodiversity conservation efforts. The aim of our study was to assess bird species diversity, abundance, and community composition in rose plantations in Bulgaria's Valley of Roses. Specifically, we studied how landscape compositional and structural heterogeneity influence bird diversity and communities. We also identified the landscape elements most strongly associated with species richness and indicator bird species characterising these agroecosystems. Birds were surveyed using the point-count method at 100 sampling plots across 20 sites in the municipalities of Pavel Banya, Kazanlak, and Maglizh during the breeding season of 2023 and 2024 (with two surveys conducted each season). Vegetation metrics were collected using LiDAR technology mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Maximum height, mean NDVI, and the total area of twelve vegetation categories were included in the statistical analyses. K-means clustering analysis identified three groups of sampling plots based on bird species composition and abundance, corresponding to open, woodland, and shrub-associated bird communities. Environmental fitting (envfit) revealed that the variables most strongly associated with the clusters identified in the ordination were the maximum heights of woodlands, lavender fields, first-year roses, and grasslands; woodland NDVI; the total areas of annual fields, hedgerows, lavender fields, rose plantations, first-year roses, nut trees, and grasslands; as well as distance to buildings. In addition, PERMANOVA identified the total areas of annual crops, rose plantations, first-year roses, hedgerows, and grasslands, together with woodland maximum height, as the most important factors explaining differences in community composition. The indicator species analysis identified the characteristic bird species for each cluster. Cluster 1, representing open habitats, was characterised by Eurasian Skylark, Western Yellow Wagtail, and Crested Lark; Cluster 2, representing woodland-associated bird communities dominated by Common Blackbird, Great Tit, Eurasian Chaffinch and Eurasian Golden Oriole, while in cluster 3, which primarily includes birds with a preference for shrubland habitats, including rose plantations, the indicator species were the Common Linnet and Ortolan Bunting. Our findings indicate that maintaining a heterogeneous landscape mosaic around rose plantations can contribute to supporting diverse bird communities.