TLR4 monoclonal antibody blockade suppresses dextran‐sulfate‐sodium‐induced colitis in mice

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Abstract
Background and Aim:  Ulcerative colitis (UC) refers to a kind of inflammatory bowel disease, of which the accurate pathogenesis is not yet well understood. Recently, the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the TLR4 signaling pathway have been proved as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of UC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TLR4 monoclonal antibody on dextran‐sulfate‐sodium‐induced colitis in a mouse model.Methods:  We evaluated the effects of the TLR4 monoclonal antibody (TLR4mAb) on the development of dextran‐sulfate‐sodium‐(DSS)‐induced colitis. Tissue samples were evaluated by the disease activity index and histopathological score. Meanwhile, the mucosal mRNA expression of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐1β were analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The mucosal protein P38‐MAPK, c‐jun and c‐fos expressions of the TLR4‐P38MAPK pathway were analyzed using Western blot.Results:  After the treatment with TLR4mAb against DSS‐induced colitis, the bodyweight was significantly increased and both disease activity index and histopathological score were decreased significantly. Furthermore, the mucosal expression of messenger RNA of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐1β were observed to be 8–15‐fold more than the baseline, whereas the mucosal expressions of P38MAPK and c‐jun were found to be decreased.Conclusion:  Blocking TLR4 by TLR4mAb can prevent the development of DSS‐induced colitis through the TLR4‐P38MAPK‐c‐jun pathway.

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