Extraordinary Cities: Early ‘City‐ness’ and the Origins of Agriculture and States
- 19 January 2012
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
- Vol. 36 (3) , 415-447
Abstract
I explore the ramifications of applying some recent research on cities, built on the work of Jane Jacobs, to early city development. A communications approach to ‘city‐ness’ is offered as a way of understanding early cities as qualitatively new social worlds enabling world‐changing processes. Returning to Jacobs' use of Çatalhöyük to push back the timing of the first cities, I review recent work on the site to support her thesis. In the process I also argue in favour of her controversial thesis of cities inventing agriculture using Sahlin's ‘stone age economics’. Further, and going beyond Jacobs, I argue that states were also invented in cities and harness evidence for this in Mesopotamian studies. In both cases I provide generic conclusions that briefly indicate examples from other parts of the world.Résumé: Des études récentes sur les villes, fondées sur le travail de Jane Jacobs, sont appliquées au développement des villes primitives, créant des ramifications explorées ici. Une approche de la nature urbaine (‘cityness’) par les communications permet d’appréhender les villes primitives comme des univers sociaux, nouveaux sur un plan qualitatif et ouverts à des processus de changement mondial. Reprenant l’utilisation que Jacobs fait de Çatal Höyük pour repousser la chronologie des premières villes, l’article s’intéresse aux études récentes de ce site qui corroborent sa théorie. En parallèle, s’appuyant sur ‘l’économie des sociétés primitives’ de Sahlin, il défend l’idée controversée de Jacobs selon laquelle les villes ont inventé l’agriculture. Dépassant ensuite Jacobs, il soutient que les États ont aussi été inventés dans les villes, la démonstration tirant ses arguments d’études mésopotamiennes. Dans les deux cas, des conclusions génériques sont présentées, illustrées de courts exemples issus d’autres parties du monde.Keywords
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