Investigate the efficiency of primary care facilities in emergency situations by application of geographical and demographic standards using GIS

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Abstract
Background This study applied geographical standards (coverage distance) and demographic standards to investigate the capabilities of primary healthcare facilities to cover the largest area of the study area and the service area that can be accessed. This study aimed to determine the number of primary healthcare (PHC) centres required to ensure adequate healthcare coverage for the entire community. Methods Data was obtained by applying geographic information system (GIS) techniques, including proximity analysis, spatial overlay, and network analysis, to analyze primary care facilities using the demographic and geographic standards for primary care facilities. The study was conducted in Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, using ArcGIS 10.5 and QGIS software for spatial analysis. Results PHC centers cover 79% of the study area according to the geographical standard. The study area needs 41 additional centers to cover the shortfall in service provision per the demographic and geographic standards. Conclusions A significant deficiency in the number of primary care centers found in the study area compared to the large population at the geographical and demographic standards level.

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