Sunlight Exposure and Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Seroreactivity in Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin

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Abstract
Background. Ultraviolet radiation exposure may interact synergistically with cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. Methods. To investigate differences in the risk of sunlight-associated BCC and SCC by cutaneous genus-specific HPV serostatus, a case-control study was conducted among 204 BCC and 156 SCC cases who were recruited from a university dermatology clinic and 297 controls who had no history of cancer and screened negative for current skin cancer. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between measures of sunlight exposure and BCC/SCC, stratified by genus-specific HPV serostatus, with adjustment for age and sex. Results. Sunburn due to cutaneous sensitivity to sunlight exposure (P = .006) and poor tanning ability (P = .003) were associated with a higher seroprevalence for genus beta HPV types. Poor or no tanning ability was more strongly associated with SCC among individuals who were seropositive for antibodies to cutaneous HPV types in genera alpha (OR, 15.60; 95% CI, 5.40–45.1; P = .01 for interaction) and beta (OR, 6.86; 95% CI, 3.68–12.80; P = .001 for interaction), compared with individuals who were seronegative for these HPV types. Conclusions. Seropositivity for HPV types in genera alpha or beta increased the risk of SCC associated with poor tanning ability.

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