Mail and Web-Based Survey Administration: A Case Study With Recreational Users of Virginia's Wildlife Management Areas

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Abstract
Web-based surveys cost less, obtain responses more quickly, and provide more efficient data management compared to mail surveys; however, the potential inability to reach a random, representative sample of the public raises concerns about the validity and reliability of Web-based surveys. We surveyed recreational users of Virginia wildlife management areas with either a Web-based or mail instrument, based on user preference for contact. Response rates for both modes were comparable, but Web-based surveys were more complete and returned more rapidly than were mail surveys. The Web-based option was selected more often by younger, urban participants, and respondents who had completed more education. Attitudes toward land management practices and wildlife value orientations did not differ between Web-based and mail respondents. Surveys administered using only Web-based questionnaires likely are susceptible to demographic bias problems, but survey mode appeared not to influence the validity and reliability of attitudinal information from recreational users.

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