Acute effects of exergames on cognitive function of institutionalized older persons: a single-blinded, randomized and controlled pilot study

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Abstract
Background Improvements on balance, gait and cognition are some of the benefits of exergames. Few studies have investigated the cognitive effects of exergames in institutionalized older persons. Aims To assess the acute effect of a single session of exergames on cognition of institutionalized older persons. Methods Nineteen institutionalized older persons were randomly allocated to Wii (WG, n = 10, 86 ± 7 year, two males) or control groups (CG, n = 9, 86 ± 5 year, one male). The WG performed six exercises with virtual reality, whereas CG performed six exercises without virtual reality. Verbal fluency test (VFT), digit span forward and digit span backward were used to evaluate semantic memory/executive function, short-term memory and work memory, respectively, before and after exergames and Δ post- to pre-session (absolute) and Δ % (relative) were calculated. Parametric (t independent test) and nonparametric (Mann–Whitney test) statistics and effect size were applied to tests for efficacy. Results VFT was statistically significant within WG (−3.07, df = 9, p = 0.013). We found no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Effect size between groups of Δ % (median = 21 %) showed moderate effect for WG (0.63). Discussion Our data show moderate improvement of semantic memory/executive function due to exergames session. It is possible that cognitive brain areas are activated during exergames, increasing clinical response. Conclusion A single session of exergames showed no significant improvement in short-term memory, working memory and semantic memory/executive function. The effect size for verbal fluency was promising, and future studies on this issue should be developed. Protocol number of Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-6rytw2.
Funding Information
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
  • Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
  • Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

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