Impact of propofol versus sevoflurane anesthesia on molecular subtypes and immune checkpoints of glioma during surgery

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Abstract
Background: Sevoflurane and propofol are two popular anesthetics used during glioblastoma (GBM) surgery. This investigation compared the molecular subtypes and immune checkpoints of cancer cells following GBM surgery under sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia.Method: The expression profile data and clinical information of glioma samples of different grades were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to identify hub modules and key genes related to glioma grades (G2 and G3). The GEO database (GSE179004) was used to retrieve glioma surgical specimens with different anesthetic gene expression profiles. The differential expression of immune checkpoint genes under various anesthetic settings was examined using the R‐ggplot2.Results: Compared to sevoflurane, propofol significantly downregulated SERPINI1 and CAMK2A expression. These are also important factors in glioma grading. Simultaneously, SERPINI1 and CAMK2A were also significantly related to the prognosis of GBM and lower‐grade glioma patients and acted as potential tumor suppressors. In addition, propofol increases the expression of the immune checkpoint molecule, PD‐L1.Conclusions: Our study revealed that sevoflurane can more effectively prevent the development of glioma after surgery than propofol, and SERPINI1 can be used as a new independent prognostic factor for glioma.

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