Of Energy Transitions and the State. The Case of Mexico’s Attempted Electricity Reform

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Abstract
The chapter presents the reform of the electricity sector proposed in Mexico by former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador, in office between 2018 and 2024, who broke with the neoliberal institutional legacy inherited after almost four decades of structural adjustment programmes. This reform met with strenuous opposition from environmental organisations, energy companies and private investors, a large part of the national business sector, right-wing parties and the US government, being ultimately rejected in 2023. The analysis of this case aims to show the political and geopolitical complexity at stake when a country in the global South deals with the interdependent challenges of energy poverty alleviation, greenhouse gas emissions reduction and energy sovereignty, by resorting to state capitalism.
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  • University of New South Wales

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