Systemic Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy Results in PD-1 Blockade on T Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid

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Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies are effective against many types of cancer because of their ability to reinvigorate antitumor T-cell responses. Not only do they improve survival in patients with cancer who have systemic disease, they have also shown promising activity against brain metastases from melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer.1,2 Responses to anti–PD-1 therapy for primary brain tumors, such as glioblastoma, have been disappointing,3,4 although recent small studies have suggested clinical activity in the neoadjuvant setting.5,6 Improving responses to immunotherapy for patients with glioblastoma or other brain tumors requires a better understanding of the neuropharmacokinetics and neuropharmacodynamics of systemically administered PD-1 antibodies.

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