Engineering Photo-Crosslinked Antimicrobial Coating to Tackle Catheter-Associated Infections In Vivo

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Abstract
Microbial colonization on urinary and intravascular catheter surfaces results in steeply rising cases of catheter-associated infections as well as blood stream infections. Currently marketed efforts include impregnation and loading of antimicrobials and antiseptics that leach out into the local environment and inactivate microbes. However, they suffer from uncontrolled release, induction of resistance, and undesired toxicity. Here, in this manuscript, we have developed a photocurable, covalent coating on catheters using quaternary benzophenone-based amide (QSM-1). The coating was found to be active against drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. The coating inactivated stationary and persister cells of superbug MRSA and inhibited the formation of biofilms with retained activity against broad-spectrum bacteria when challenged in realistic urinary conditions. The coating was seen to be biocompatible in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, the coated catheters showed reduced fouling and >99.9% reduction in bacterial burden when implanted in vivo in a mice model of subcutaneous implantation. We conceive the possibility of application of QSM-1-coated catheters in the healthcare settings to tackle the notorious catheter-associated nosocomial infections.

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