Photoantimicrobial Biohybrids by Supramolecular Immobilization of Cationic Phthalocyanines onto Cellulose Nanocrystals

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Abstract
The development of photoactive and biocompatible nanostructures is a highly desirable goal to address the current threat of antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe a novel supramolecular biohybrid nanostructure based on the non‐covalent immobilization of cationic zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives onto unmodified cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), following an easy and straightforward protocol, in which binding is driven by electrostatic interactions. These non‐covalent biohybrids show strong photodynamic activity against S. aureus and E. coli, representative examples of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, respectively, and C. albicans, a representative opportunistic fungal pathogen, outperforming the free ZnPc counterparts and related nanosystems in which the photosensitizer is covalently linked to the CNC surface.
Funding Information
  • MINECO Spain (CTQ-2014-52869-P, CTQ-2014-53673-P, CTQ2013-48767-C3-1-R)
  • Seventh Framework Programme European Union (SO2S, FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN, 316975, CosmoPHOS-nano, FP7-NMP-2012-6, 310337-2)
  • Emil Aaltonen Foundation and the Academy of Finland (grants 267497, 273645 and 263504)

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