Large carnivore populations are recovering across many regions, with grey wolf (Canis lupus) being a prominent example. While its resurgence offers socioecological benefits, it also intensifies conflicts with livestock farmers, particularly in areas undergoing recent recolonization where traditional protection practices have diminished. Understanding local perceptions is therefore essential for designing management strategies that reconcile conservation objectives with rural livelihoods. We assessed human–wolf conflict across the Iberian peninsula at two spatial scales: online survey at the national scale and in-person questionnaires at the regional scale. Nationally, we compared perceptions between areas with (n = 83) and without wolves (n = 42). Regionally, we focused on two wolf expansion zones: High Conflict Area (HCA) in La Rioja (n = 30) and Low Conflict Area (LCA) in Guadalajara (n = 34). We examined perceptions of wildlife damage, preventive measures, species responsible for losses, and attitudes toward coexistence. At the national scale, perceptions were largely homogeneous and mostly independent of wolf presence. In contrast, regional results showed that conflict intensity strongly shaped attitudes. Farmers in HCA reported more wolf-related damage, lower trust in public administration, and stronger demands for better compensation and preventive measures than farmers in LCA. Livestock was consistently perceived as the main contributor to ecosystem balance, whereas wolves ranked lowest. Perceptions of other wildlife species varied with conflict intensity, reflecting nuanced views of their ecological roles. These findings highlight the need for multi-scale management that integrates prevention, compensation, and stakeholder engagement to promote sustainable coexistence and support rural socioeconomic resilience.