Characterization of Low-Latency Next-Generation eVTOL Communications: From Channel Modeling to Performance Evaluation

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Abstract
Next-generation wireless communication networks are expected to offer extremely high data rates supported by very low latency and radically new applications, which require a new wireless radio technology paradigm. However, it is crucial to assist the radio link over the fast varying and highly dynamic channel to satisfy the diverse requirements of next-generation wireless networks. Recently, communication via autonomous electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) has gained momentum, owing to its potential for cost-effective network deployment. It is considered one of the most promising technologies conceived to support smart radio terminals. However, to provide efficient and reliable communications between ground base stations and eVTOLs as well as between eVTOLs and other eVTOLs, realistic eVTOL channel models are indispensable. In this paper, we propose a nonstationary geometry-based stochastic channel model for eVTOL communication links. The proposed eVTOL channel model framework considers time-domain nonstationarity and arbitrary eVTOL trajectory and is sufficiently general to support versatile C bands. One of the critical challenges for eVTOL is the fast vertical takeoff and landing flight patterns affecting the regular propagation communication channel. Moreover, we present a new method for estimating the SNR over the non-stationary fast dynamic time-variant eVTOL channel by utilizing the sliding window adaptive filtering technique. Furthermore, we present an information–theoretic approach to characterize the end-to-end transmission delay over the eVTOL channel and prove that the optimal transmission scheme strongly depends upon the eVTOL link configuration. In addition, to analyze the occurrence of deep fade regions in eVTOL links, we analyze the outage probability, which is an important performance metric for wireless channels operating over dynamic fading channels, and make an important observation that the outage probability increases non-linearly with the eVTOL height. Furthermore, we consider the commercially available eVTOL specifications and data to validate the channel model and analyze the Doppler shift and latency for the exponential acceleration and exponential deceleration velocities profiles during the takeoff and landing operation. This paper provides a new and practical approach for the design, optimization, and performance evaluation of future eVTOL-assisted next-generation wireless communications.

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