Electrochemical Upcycling of Shell Waste for Sustainable Nutrient Recovery from Wastewater

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Abstract
The increasing global population has boosted fertilizer demand for food production, food waste generation, and water pollution. Here, we report an electrochemical strategy to upcycle shell waste for nutrient reclamation from wastewater to tackle these challenges in one shot, in which shell waste is decomposed by anodic-produced H+, supplying cations (i.e., Ca2+ and Mg2+). Meanwhile, cathode-derived alkaline promotes the crystallization of nutrients (i.e., PO43- and NH4+) from the wastewater. We first validated this concept's promising P reclamation (84.2-99.2%) toward three common real wastewaters with P levels ranging from 7 to 1577 mg/L, indicating its potential for diverse applications. We further designed a scalable prototype for eggshells upcycling and P-fertilizer production from urine in a household setting, showing encouraging performance P recovery (>85.7% at 1.0 kW h/m3), reduced CO2 emissions by 76.5%, and promising economic viability. Our work outlines a sustainable map for managing food waste, harvesting nutrients from wastewater, and eliminating water pollution.
Funding Information
  • Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2023A1515110152)
  • Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council (JCYJ20230807093405011, JCYJ20250604144607011)
  • High-level University Special Fund (G03050K001)

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