An Improved C-Band Ocean Surface Emissivity Model at Hurricane-Force Wind Speeds Over a Wide Range of Earth Incidence Angles

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Abstract
An improved microwave radiometric ocean surface emissivity model has been developed to support forward radiative transfer modeling of brightness temperature and geophysical retrieval algorithms for the next-generation airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer instrument. This physically based C-band emissivity model extends current model capabilities to hurricane-force wind speeds over a wide range of incidence angles. It was primarily developed using brightness temperature observations during hurricanes with coincident high-quality surface-truth wind speeds, which were obtained using the airborne Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer. Also, other ocean emissivity models available through the published literature and the spaceborne WindSat radiometer measurements were used.

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