MultiSEss: Automatic Sleep Staging Model Based on SE Attention Mechanism and State Space Model

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Abstract
Sleep occupies about one-third of human life and is crucial for health, but traditional sleep staging relies on experts manually performing polysomnography (PSG), a process that is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and susceptible to subjective differences between evaluators. With the development of deep learning technologies, particularly the application of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, significant progress has been made in automatic sleep staging. However, existing methods still face challenges in feature extraction and cross-modal data fusion. This paper introduces an innovative deep learning architecture, MultiSEss, aimed at solving key issues in automatic sleep stage classification. The MultiSEss architecture utilizes a multi-scale convolution module to capture signal features from different frequency bands and incorporates a Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism to enhance the learning of channel feature weights. Furthermore, the architecture discards complex attention mechanisms or encoder–decoder structures in favor of a state–space sequence coupling module, which more accurately captures and integrates correlations between multi-modal data. Experiments show that MultiSEss achieved accuracy results of 83.84% and 82.30% in five-fold cross-subject testing on the Sleep-EDF-20 and Sleep-EDF-78 datasets. MultiSEss demonstrates its potential in improving sleep stage accuracy, which is significant for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.
Funding Information
  • General Projects of Shaanxi Science and Technology Plan (2023-JC-YB-504, 62172338, 2018KJXX-095, XJ17T03)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (2023-JC-YB-504, 62172338, 2018KJXX-095, XJ17T03)
  • Shaanxi Province Innovation Capacity Support Program (2023-JC-YB-504, 62172338, 2018KJXX-095, XJ17T03)
  • Xijing University Special Talent Research Fund (2023-JC-YB-504, 62172338, 2018KJXX-095, XJ17T03)

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