Due to the particularity of oil tankers and the cargo on them, accidents such as fires and explosions are prone to occur during transportation and operation, leading to potential risks that cannot be ignored in terms of life, economic property, and the environment. To reduce the risk of the waiting process of inland water tankers before passing the lockage and ensure the tankers' safe transportation in the inland river, this paper analyzed the collision-leak-explosion problem of the tankers. Based on the hazard and operational analysis method (HAZOP), this paper further integrated the layer of protection analysis method (LOPA) to identify and evaluate the risk of oil tankers crossing the lockage in the inland river, and corresponding suggestions were given.