Active and Passive Coping Strategies: Comparing Psychological Distress, Cortisol, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in Breast Cancer Survivors

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Abstract
Breast cancer survivors can experience psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression, long after treatment has ended, and the development of such negative affective states has been related to the coping strategy used. This pilot study aims to determine whether different coping strategies are associated with differences in psychological distress, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) levels in breast cancer survivors. 54 breast cancer survivors completed the Stress Coping Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and provided a blood sample for cortisol and proinflammatory cytokine measures. Passive coping strategies were associated with higher psychological distress, cortisol, and TNF-a levels. The passive group had more avoidance and negative self-targeting and less positive reappraisal and focusing on a problem's solution.

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