Nymphoides peltata Root Extracts Improve Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Skin Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Enzymes in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-Induced SKH-1 Hairless Mice

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Abstract
Nymphoides peltata is widely used pharmacologically in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine as a diuretic, antipyretic, or choleretic and to treat ulcers, snakebites, and edema. Previous studies have shown that phytochemicals from N. peltata have physiological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-wrinkle properties. Nevertheless, research on the anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) effect of N. peltata extract is limited. This study was undertaken to assess the in vitro and in vivo anti-atopic and antioxidant activities of a 95% EtOH extract of N. peltata roots (NPR). PI-induced RBL-2H3 cells and two typical hapten mice (oxazolone-induced BALB/c mice and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced SKH-1 hairless mice) were used to investigate the effect of NPR extract on AD. The expressions of AD-related inflammatory cytokines, skin-related genes, and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence, and skin hydration was measured using Aquaflux AF103 and SKIN-O-MAT instruments. The chemical composition of NPR extract was analyzed using an HPLC-PDA system. In this study, NPR extracts were shown to most efficiently inhibit IL-4 in PI-induced RBL-2H3 cells and AD-like skin symptoms in oxazolone-BALB/c mice compared to its whole and aerial extracts. NPR extract markedly reduced DNCB-induced increases in mast cells, epidermal thickness, IL-4 and IgE expressions, and atopic-like symptoms in SKH-1 hairless mice. In addition, NPR extract suppressed DNCB-induced changes in the expressions of skin-related genes and skin hydration and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Three phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid) were identified by HPLC-PDA in NPR extract. The study shows that NPR extract exhibits anti-atopic activities by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative stress and improving skin barrier functions, and indicates that NPR extract has potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Funding Information
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2019M3A9I3080265, 2019M3A9I3080266, 2022R1A2C1003088, KGM4582221)
  • Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) (2019M3A9I3080265, 2019M3A9I3080266, 2022R1A2C1003088, KGM4582221)

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