Energy Input-output Analysis of Sunflower Seed (Helianthus annuusL.) Oil in Turkey

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the energy equivalents of inputs and output in sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) oil production in Tokat province of Turkey. Total energy consumption was calculated as 18,931.09 MJ ha−1. Chemical fertilizers were the highest energy consuming inputs of the different operations (51.28%). The energy consumption for diesel fuel was 28.55% of the total energy input. The energy use efficiency, defined as energy produced per unit of energy used, was 2.95. The specific energy of sunflower seed oil production was determined to be 8,489.28 MJ t−1. It was found that the direct and indirect energy inputs were 30.41% and 64.13% of the total energy input, respectively. The non-renewable form of energy input was 92.46% of the total energy input compared to only 2.08% for the renewable form.

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