Biopolymers as Sustainable Materials for Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cells: A Bibliometric Analysis

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Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable solution for energy generation and wastewater treatment, yet their scalability is hindered by reliance on expensive and non-renewable synthetic membranes. This study addresses the critical need for eco-friendly alternatives by conducting a bibliometric analysis of biopolymers used in MFC membrane development. Using data from Scopus and Web of Science (2012–2025), we applied quantitative and network-based methods to evaluate publication trends, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution. The analysis identified chitosan, alginate, and cellulose as the most studied biopolymers due to their favorable proton conductivity, biodegradability, and potential for waste-derived production. Key findings include a surge in research output post-2018, strong interdisciplinary collaboration across materials science and microbiology, and emerging interest in nanomaterial integration and 3D printing for membrane enhancement. Despite promising advances, challenges persist with regard to the mechanical stability and standardization of fabrication methods. This study provides a strategic overview of the field, highlighting scientific progress and guiding future research toward scalable, high-performance biopolymer membranes for MFCs applications.

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