Estimating oxide-trap, interface-trap, and border-trap charge densities in metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors

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Abstract
A simple method is described that combines conventional threshold‐voltage and charge‐pumping measurements on n‐ and p‐channel metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) transistors to estimate radiation‐induced oxide‐, interface‐, and border‐trap charge densities. In some devices, densities of border traps (near‐interfacial oxide traps that exchange charge with the underlying Si) approach or exceed the density of interface traps, emphasizing the need to distinguish border‐trap contributions to MOS radiation response and long‐term reliability from interface‐trap contributions. Estimates of border‐trap charge densities obtained via this new dual‐transistor technique agree well with trap densities inferred from 1/f noise measurements for transistors with varying channel length.

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