Electric-Field Tunable Spin Texture in Dual-Gated HfS2/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures

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Abstract
Spin–charge interconversion provides the essential link between spin information and electrical signals in spintronic devices. In spin–orbit coupled systems, spin–charge interconversion can contain multiple components associated with different spin-polarization directions, reflecting the underlying spin texture. Tuning this spin texture, therefore, provides a way to control not only the magnitude of spin–charge interconversion but also the balance among its different components. Graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures provide an attractive platform for this purpose because interfacial spin–orbit coupling can host multiple spin–charge interconversion channels that couple to different spin-polarization directions. Here, we demonstrate electric-field control of spin texture in a dual-gated HfS2/graphene van der Waals heterostructure, where independent control of carrier density and vertical electric field allows us to disentangle electrostatic doping from electric field-induced spin–orbit effects. Nonlocal spin precession measurements show that, near zero vertical electric field, spin–charge interconversion is dominated by a spin Hall component with out-of-plane spins. Increasing the vertical electric field enhances additional in-plane spin components with Rashba–Edelstein-like character, including contributions both parallel and perpendicular to the charge current. These results provide experimental evidence that a vertical electric field can reconfigure the effective spin texture and control the corresponding spin–charge interconversion components, demonstrating electrical tunability of spin–orbit functionalities.
Funding Information
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (CEX2020-001038-M)
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (CEX2025-001634-M)
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PID2021-128004NB-C21)
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PID2024-155708OB-I00)
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RYC2021-031705-I)
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RYC2021-034836-I)
  • European Regional Development Fund (PID2021-128004NB-C21)
  • European Regional Development Fund (PID2024-155708OB-I00)
  • Eusko Jaurlaritza
  • NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1)
  • NextGenerationEU (RYC2021-031705-I)
  • NextGenerationEU (RYC2021-034836-I)
  • Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (501XYGG2026142003)
  • Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (4262054)
  • H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (955671)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (62404014)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (62674010)

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