Global Distribution and Geological Context of Co‐Existing Occurrences of Olivine‐Rich and Plagioclase‐Rich Materials on the Lunar Surface

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Abstract
We examined the global distribution and geological context of lunar sites where olivine‐ and plagioclase‐rich materials co‐exist. These sites are areas showing plagioclase‐rich spectra adjacent to areas showing olivine‐rich spectra, and they extend over several hundreds of meters on the lunar surface. From an analysis of the high‐spatial‐resolution data obtained from the SELENE (Kaguya) multiband imager, we identified 14 co‐existing occurrences among 49 olivine‐rich sites located around large impact basins. We found that the co‐existing occurrences are limited to a few sites among the olivine‐rich sites in the Moscoviense, Crisium, and Imbrium basins, while six of seven olivine‐rich sites in the Schrödinger basin show co‐existing occurrence. The geological features between the co‐existing occurrences and the olivine‐rich sites without plagioclase‐rich materials showed no clear difference, but both types of site are found at fresh geological features located around the peak rings of impact basins. These results may suggest that the co‐existing occurrences are closely related to the material heterogeneity of the peak ring regions. The heterogeneity could be formed by mixing of the olivine‐rich mantle and the anorthosite‐rich crust during impact basin formation, or it might be a reflection of the compositional heterogeneity of the lunar lower crust. For future sample return missions, the detailed information on the co‐existing occurrences presented here might be useful for a sampling strategy to select a “one‐stop” site that provides important information for the overall characterization of lunar mantle and crustal materials.

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