Hematoimmunological responses of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) receiving the dietary supplementation of immunomodulators and different levels of vitamins after challenge with physical stress
Authors:
- Domickson Silva CostaDCDomickson Silva Costa
- Scheila Anelise Pereira DutraSDScheila Anelise Pereira Dutra
- Iracema Lima PereiraIPIracema Lima Pereira
- Lucas CardosoLCLucas Cardoso
- Paula Brando de MedeirosPMPaula Brando de Medeiros
- Liseth Vanessa Perenguez RiofrioLRLiseth Vanessa Perenguez Riofrio
- Maria Clara Miguel LibanoriMLMaria Clara Miguel Libanori
- Thiago Augusto SoligoTSThiago Augusto Soligo
- Eduardo YamashitaEYEduardo Yamashita
- Ulisses de Pádua PereiraUPUlisses de Pádua Pereira
- José Luiz Pedreira MourinõJMJosé Luiz Pedreira Mourinõ
- Maurício Laterça MartinsMaurício Laterça Martins
Open Access
- 1 January 2024
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria in Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
- Vol. 46, e001124
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the hematoimmunological effects of dietary supplementation with immunomodulators (β-glucans + nucleotides) and different levels of vitamins on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to physical stress. The following four diet treatments were used: diets with indicated vitamin levels (Vitind), diets with Vitind + immunomodulator (Vitind + Immune), diets with high vitamin content (Vithigh), and those with Vithigh + immunomodulator (Vithigh + Immune). The experiment included 560 fish in 28 tanks (20 fish tank-1), with seven replicates per treatment. After 60 days of supplementation, the water temperature was set at 20 °C, and complete biometrics were performed. The animals were then subjected to physical stress with temperature oscillations of 20 °C to 30 °C/30 °C to 20 °C/20 °C to 30 °C. Hematoimmunological data from 140 animals were collected poststress. Antimicrobial titer and total plasma protein levels were significantly higher in fish not receiving immunomodulator-supplemented diets (2.88 ± 0.43 log2 and 26.81 ± 4.01 mg∙mL-1, respectively) than in those that did. Conversely, the agglutination titer increased in fish fed with lower vitamin levels (3.33 ± 0.66 log2) compared to those with higher vitamin levels. Increased immunoglobulin levels were observed in fish fed diets co-supplemented with vitamins and immunomodulators, revealing an interaction between immunomodulators and dietary vitamin levels. In summary, the inclusion of immunomodulators in the diet enhanced the animals’ resistance to physical stress and improved hematoimmunological parameters. Additionally, a high vitamin content in the diet did not modulate the immune responses in the animals. Neste estudo analisamos os efeitos hematoimunológicos da suplementação dietética com imunomoduladores (β-glucanos+nucleotídeos) e diferentes níveis de vitaminas na tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) após exposição ao estresse físico. Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos: dietas com níveis indicados de vitaminas (Vitind), dietas com Vitind + imunomodulador (Vitind+Immune), dietas com alto teor de vitaminas (Vithigh) e dietas com Vithigh + imunomodulador (Vithigh+Immune). O experimento incluiu 560 peixes em 28 tanques (20 peixes tanques-1), com sete repetições por tratamento. Após 60 dias de suplementação, a temperatura da água foi fixada em 20 °C e realizada biometria completa. Os animais foram submetidos a estresse físico com oscilações de temperatura de 20 °C a 30 °C/30 °C a 20 °C/20 °C a 30 °C. Dados hematoimunológicos de 140 animais foram coletados pós-estresse. O título antimicrobiano e os níveis de proteína plasmática total foram significativamente maiores em peixes que não receberam dietas com imunomodulador (2,88±0,43 log2 e 26,81±4,01 mg∙mL-1) do que naqueles que receberam. Por outro lado, o título de aglutinação aumentou em peixes alimentados com níveis mais baixos de vitaminas (3,33±0,66 log2) comparado àqueles com níveis mais elevados. Níveis aumentados de imunoglobulinas foram observados em peixes alimentados com dietas co-suplementadas com vitaminas e imunomoduladores, revelando interação entre imunomoduladores e níveis de vitaminas na dieta. Em resumo, a inclusão de imunomoduladores na dieta aumentou a resistência dos animais ao estresse físico e melhorou os parâmetros hematoimunológicos. Além disso, o alto teor de vitaminas na dieta não modulou as respostas imunológicas dos animais.Keywords
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