Health Promotion Strategies and Their Impact on HPV Vaccine Interest Among Women Aged 19-45 Years in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study Exploring Socioeconomic and Cultural Influences
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a key preventive strategy against cervical cancer. Despite its proven effectiveness, uptake remains low in Indonesia, particularly among women of reproductive age, due to a range of social, economic, and cultural barriers Objectives: This study explores the views and experiences of Indonesian women aged 19–45 regarding the HPV vaccine. It aims to identify barriers and facilitators affecting vaccine engagement and assess the impact of current health promotion strategies Methods: A qualitative, case-based approach was employed, involving semi-structured online interviews with ten participants five vaccinated and five unvaccinated. Par0ticipants were selected based on age, employment status, and voluntary participation. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically using an inductive approach. Results: Five key themes emerged: Cultural Influence, Information Access, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Barriers, and Suggestions for Improvement. Barriers included financial constraints, religious concerns (particularly halal certification), and limited offline promotion. Facilitators included digital media exposure, peer influence, and workplace support. Participants emphasized the need for culturally sensitive education, broader school-based programs, and inclusion of boys in vaccination efforts Conclusion: The COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behaviour) provided a useful framework for understanding the complex interplay of individual, social, and structural factors influencing HPV vaccine interest. Addressing these requires integrated, multi-level health promotion strategies. Policy recommendations include financial subsidies, inclusive education campaigns, and gender-neutral vaccination policies to improve uptake and reduce cervical cancer incidence.