Abstract
For differentiation of unilateral reduction of visual acuity in patients with clear media and normal fundi, the Swinging Flashlight Test was used. Optic neuropathies as a rule give pathological results. On the other hand refraction scotomas, functional amblyopias and malingering produce a normal outcome of this test in general. For documentation of afferent pupillary defects a photographic method is described. Electronystagmography is advocated as a method for detection of malingerers and neurotics among patients complaining of acute uni- or bilateral visual acuity reduction. Optokinetic nystagmus is recorded using Bangerter's filters in front of the patient's eye. This method allows a certain estimation of the visual acuity.

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