Clinical features and evaluation of the primary autonomic failure syndromes

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Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is now recognized as a sporadic adult onset disease of unknown aetiology with characteristic neuropathological features. Originally three separate disorders were described: ♦ olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) (Dejerine and Thomas 1900) in which patients manifest predominantly cerebellar symptoms♦ striatonigral degeneration (SND) (...