Editorial: When the drug induces kidney diseases: nephrotoxicity and intoxication/poisoning

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Abstract
Exposures, predominantly vancomycin, iodinated contrast, and aminoglycosides. While these DI-AKI cases demonstrated lower mortality compared to other AKI etiologies, the need for acute kidney replacement therapy (AKRT) was similar.These findings support growing interest in the development of bundle care strategies for DI-AKI that may mitigate the severity and long-term impact of these events. For example, as discussed by Colares et al., even Recent studies emphasize the need for standardized clinical and histopathologic criteria and suggest that early diagnosis and minimal fibrosis are associated with better outcomes (8,9). Noninvasive diagnostic tools are under investigation, including gallium-67 scintigraphy and the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), which may help identify AIN and its causative agents, particularly in patients on immunotherapy (10,11). Biomarkers are also gaining traction. Moledina and colleagues (9) identified urinary cytokines, particularly TNF-α and IL-9, as promising diagnostic markers for AIN in a prospective study. These markers outperformed clinical suspicion and standard laboratory parameters in distinguishing AIN from acute tubular injury (ATI) and other AKI subtypes.The evidence presented across this issue reinforces the need for comprehensive epidemiological studies that address the heterogeneous phenotypes and outcomes of DI-AKI. There is increasing momentum behind the development of

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