Metformin and cancer therapy

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Abstract
To focus on the potential role of metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, in cancer treatment. Epidemiological, preclinical and cellular studies have shown in the last 6 years that metformin exerts antitumoral properties. Here, we review the very last findings concerning metformin action in cancer. The results of the first clinical trials as well as the combined action of metformin and chemotherapeutics agents in vitro and in vivo will be discussed. Recent studies show that metformin could also regulate inflammation and, therefore, may play a role in tumor microenvironment. Finally, we will present the latest publications concerning the molecular mechanisms implicated in metformin action, especially the AMP-activated kinase-independent pathways. The numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies warrant the ongoing clinical trials, which should definitively help us to determine if metformin could be used in cancer therapy.

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