The thermodynamics of saturated air: A contribution to the classical theory

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Abstract
The temperature attained in the reversible and pseudo‐adiabatic expansion of air saturated with respect to liquid water is taken as a reference; the temperatures attained in the following expansions from the same initial state are then compared with it: (a) the ice‐saturation pseudo‐adiabatic process (b) the water‐saturation adiabatic process (c) the ice‐saturation adiabatic process.The results of these comparisons are summarized in Figs. 1 to 5 of this paper.Similarly, the cloud virtual temperature, the virtual temperature adjusted for the weight of suspended particles, attained in water‐saturation adiabatic expansion, is compared with that attained in water‐saturation pseudo‐adiabatic expansion; Fig. 6.The implications of these calculations for the properties and behaviour of cumulus are commented upon.

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