Genetic Diversity in Selected Maize Genotype of Pakistan by using Rapid Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

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Abstract
Maize is the 3rd most important agricultural crop in Pakistan with an annual production of 5,701,400 tons. Identification of genetically diverse maize genotype is valuable information which is efficiently used in upcoming maize breeding programs and acquiring specific traits with modification of DNA for different conditions. In current study we reported the genetic diversity among twelve maize genotypes using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Four oligo decamer primers of were used for the analysis. Young and fresh maize leaves were used for DNA extracted by CTAB extraction procedure. RAPD decamer primers were used for DNA amplification. The PCR results were checked on gel electrophoresis with 1.2% agarose gel having ethidium bromide where DNA bands were separated on the base of size. A total of 301 loci were obtained by using four primers. Bands were score with binary method, 1 for their presence or 0 for the absence. After statistical analysis of all loci, phylogenetic tree was constructed using computer program Dendro UPGMA. The results showed that genotypes FSH-810 and Karamat were the most diverse genotypes having maximum dissimilarity ratio of 66% to each other while Islamabad Gold and Soan-3 were least diverse genotypes with 18% variation. Hence it is recomended that FSH-810 and Karamat genotypes are the ideal candidates for any breeding programs potentially generating maximum variation.

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