Heterogeneity of DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder as a Consequence of Subthreshold Bipolarity
Authors:
- Petra ZimmermannPZPetra Zimmermann
- Tanja BrücklTBTanja Brückl
- Agnes NoconANAgnes Nocon
- Hildegard PfisterHPHildegard Pfister
- Roselind LiebRLRoselind Lieb
- Hans-Ulrich WittchenHWHans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Florian HolsboerFHFlorian Holsboer
- Jules AngstJAJules Angst
Open Access
- 1 December 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of General Psychiatry
- Vol. 66 (12) , 1341-1352
Abstract
The diagnostic concept of major depressive disorder (MDD) was adopted in the DSM-III1 in 1980 and subsequently refined in the DSM-III-R2 and the DSM-IV.3 Since then, MDD has been described as the most frequent mood disorder, with rates up to 16%, and as highly comorbid with anxiety and substance use disorders (SUDs).4-6 In contrast as shown by large community studies, the prevalence of bipolar disorders (BPDs) is 2%, considerably lower.7-10Keywords
This publication has 1 reference indexed in Scilit:
- Symptoms of depression as possible markers of bipolar II disorderProgress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2006