In-vivo and in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect of Echinacea purpurea and Hypericum perforatum

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Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Hypericum perforatum (L.) were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity against carrageenan‐induced paw oedema in mice. Each drug was administered orally to mice at 30 and 100 mg kg−1, twice daily. Only the higher dose significantly inhibited, time dependently, the formation of oedema, evaluated as area under the curve (echinacea P < 0.01; hypericum P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that in‐vivo treatment with these extracts could modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon‐γ induced cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in peritoneal macrophages. In particular, treatment with 100 mg kg−1 hypericum inhibited both iNOS and COX‐2 expression, whereas treatment with 100 mg kg−1 echinacea down‐regulated only COX‐2 expression. The present study suggests that the anti‐inflammatory effect of these extracts could be in part related to their modulation of COX‐2 expression.

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