Carboplatin‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8: Induction of antiproliferative activity and apoptosis in breast cancer cell

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Abstract
The challenge with breast cancer is its ongoing high prevalence and difficulties in early detection and access to effective care. A solution lies in creating tailored metal–organic frameworks to encapsulate anticancer drugs, enabling precise and targeted treatment with less adverse effects and improved effectiveness. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and carboplatin (CP)‐loaded ZIF‐8 were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques. High Resolution‐transmission electron microscopy of ZIF‐8 and CP@ZIF‐8 indicates that the particles had a spherical shape and were nanosized. The drug release rate of CP is 98% under an acidic medium (pH 5.5) because of the dissolution of ZIF‐8 into its coordinating ions, whereas 35% in a physiological medium (pH 7.4) with the addition of CP, the high porosity, and pore diameter of ZIF‐8 decrease from 1243 to 1041 m2/g. Breast cancer MCF‐7 cells were shown greater IC50 in CP@ZIF‐8 (15.01 ± 3.03 µg/mL) than free CP (34.98 ± 4.25 µg/mL) in an in vitro cytotoxicity assessment. The cytotoxicity of the CP@ZIF‐8 against MCF‐7 cells was studied using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide method. The morphological changes were examined using fluorescent staining (acridine orange–ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258) methods. The comet assay assessed the DNA fragmentation (single‐cell gel electrophoresis). The results from the study revealed that CP@ZIF‐8 can be used in the treatment of breast cancer.

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