Inclusions of Standard Subspaces
Open Access
- 3 October 2025
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Communications in Mathematical Physics
- Vol. 406 (11) , 1-34
Abstract
Standard subspaces are closed real subspaces of a complex Hilbert space that appear naturally in Tomita–Takesaki modular theory and its applications to quantum field theory. In this article, inclusions of standard subspaces are studied independently of von Neumann algebras. Several new methods for their investigation are developed, related to polarizers, Gelfand triples defined by modular data, and extensions of modular operators. A particular class of examples that arises from the fundamental irreducible building block of a conformal field theory on the line is analyzed in detail.Keywords
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Funding Information
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (LE 2222/3-1)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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