Synthesis of a Vanadium-Substituted Fe–Ti-Based Ternary Alloy via Mechanical Alloying, Compacting, and Post-Annealing

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Abstract
In this study, we address the need for sustainable and scalable synthesis routes for hydrogen storage materials by developing a FeTi alloy in which vanadium (V) partially substitutes for titanium (Ti). The alloy was synthesized using mechanical alloying, compaction, and post-annealing, employing industrial-grade Fe and Ti powders and an alternative to pure vanadium, i.e., ferrovanadium (Fe–V). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the mechanically alloyed mixture revealed the partial formation of a Fe(V) solid solution, along with residual Ti. Subsequent compaction and annealing at 1000 °C led to the formation of the FeTi(V) phase, accompanied by two minor secondary phases, Fe2Ti and Fe2Ti4O. A maximum phase yield of 90% for FeTi was achieved after 48 h of annealing. The novelty of this work lies in the demonstration of a sustainable and economical synthesis approach for V-substituted FeTi alloys using industrial-grade raw materials, offering a potential reduction in the carbon footprint compared with conventional melting techniques.
Funding Information
  • a REMEDHYS project that received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program and that was supported by the Clean Hydrogen Partnership and its members (10119203, 1409, B53D23006590006, D13C22003520001, ECS00000036)
  • National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) (10119203, 1409, B53D23006590006, D13C22003520001, ECS00000036)
  • European Union—NextGenerationEU—Project NEREHYDES—CUP (10119203, 1409, B53D23006590006, D13C22003520001, ECS00000036)
  • MUR program “Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023–2027” (10119203, 1409, B53D23006590006, D13C22003520001, ECS00000036)
  • MUR and M4C2 1.5 of PNRR (10119203, 1409, B53D23006590006, D13C22003520001, ECS00000036)

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